Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon nanomaterial with hexagonal honeycomb lattice composed of carbon atoms with sp² hybrid orbitals.

Graphene has excellent optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. It has important application prospects in materials science, micro / nano processing, energy, biomedicine, and drug delivery. It is considered to be a revolutionary material in the future.

Physicists Andre Gem and Konstantin Novoselov of the University of Manchester, UK, successfully separated graphene from graphite by micromechanical exfoliation, and thus won the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics. The common powder production methods of graphene are mechanical peeling method, redox method, SiC epitaxial growth method, and the thin film production method is chemical vapor deposition (CVD).